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1.2python基础_数字类型_数字(Number)类型
发布于2020-01-01 12:01 阅读(1273) 评论(0) 点赞(10) 收藏(0)
一、整型（int型、整数）
整型 等价于C中的有符号长整型（long）
与系统的最大整型一致（如32位机器上的整型是32位，64位机器上的整型是64位），
可以表示的整数范围在[-sys.maxint-1, sys.maxint]之间。整型字面值的表示方法有3种：
十进制（常用）、八进制（以数字“0”开头）和十六进制（以“0x”或“0X”开头）。
整型的标准库操作有如下
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 | class int(object): """ int(x，底=10)->整数将一个数字或字符串转换成整数， 如果没有给出参数，则转换为orreturn0if。如果x是一个数字， 则返回x. int_()。对于浮点数，它会向零截断如果x不是一个数字， 或者给定了基数，那么x必须是一个字符串、字节或hutearray实例， 表示给定基数中的整数字面值。文字的前面可以加“或”。然后被空白包围。 基数默认为10。有效的基数是0和2-36。Base 0表示将字符串的Base解释为整数文字。 int (“0 b100' = 0)基地 """ def bit_length(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 返回表示该数字的时占用的最少位数 >>> bin(37)#bin()是返回二进制后面有 '0b100101' >>> (37).bit_length() 6 """ pass def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ 返回该复数的共轭复数""" """ a=123-12j #复数没有实部时要补0.0 返回该复数的共轭复数 b=a.conjugate() print(b) #返回复数的实数部分 a.real #返回复数的虚数部分 a.imag """ pass @classmethod # known case def from_bytes(cls, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ 功能：res = int.from_bytes(x)的含义是把bytes类型的变量x， 转化为十进制整数，并存入res中。 其中bytes类型是python3特有的类型。 函数参数：int.from_bytes(bytes, byteorder, *, signed=False)。 在IDLE或者命令行界面中使用help(int.from_bytes)命令可以查看具体介绍。 bytes是输入的变量；byteorder主要有两种： 'big'和'little'；signed=True表示需要考虑符号位 举例说明：int_s = int.from_bytes(s, byteorder='little', signed=True)， 其中s='\xf1\xff'，则输出int_s=-15。分析一下过程， '\x'表示十六进制数，先把'f1'写成二进制数：1111 0001， 'ff'同上：1111 1111.由于s的高低位标志是'little'， 即'f1'是低位，'ff'是高位，所以正确的顺序应该是'fff1'， 即11111111 1111 0001.又因为要考虑符号位，第一位是1，所以s是负数， 要进行取反加一才是正确的十进制数（第一位符号位的1不变）， 可以得到10000000 00001111，写成十进制，就是-15，也就是int_s的结果。 上面的例子中，如果signed=False，则无符号位；若byteorder='big'， 则输入s的左边是高位，右边是低位。 >>> s1 = b'\xf1\xff' >>> print(int.from_bytes(s1, byteorder='little', signed=True)) -15 >>> print(int.from_bytes(s1, byteorder='big', signed=False)) 61951 >>> s2 = b'\xff\xf1' >>> print(int.from_bytes(s2, byteorder='little', signed=False)) 61951 """ pass def to_bytes(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ 参照上面from_bytes(cls, *args, **kwargs): 这是上面的逆运算 """ pass def __abs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """返回绝对值""" """ x.__abs__() <==> abs(x) """ """ abs(self) """ """ a=-100 b=abs(a) c=a.__abs__() print(b) print(c) """ pass def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ 加法，也可区分数字和字符串""" """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """ """ a=10 b=20 c=a.__add__(b) d=a+b print(c) print(d) """ pass def __and__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self&value. """ """ x.__and__(y) <==> x&y """ """ & 按位与运算符：参与运算的两个值, 如果两个相应位都为1,则该位的结果为1, 否则为0(其他情况都为0) """ """ a=1 b=1 c=a.__and__(b) d=a&b print(c) print(d) """ pass def __bool__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ self != 0 """ """等于0返回False 其他返回True """ """ False True True """ pass def __ceil__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Ceiling of an Integral returns itself. """ pass def __divmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return divmod(self, value). """ """ 返回一个元组，第一个元素为商，第二个元素为余数""" """ a=14 b=3 c=(a).__divmod__(b) print(c) """ pass def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self==value. """ """ 判断两个值是否相等""" """ a=14 b=3 c=(a).__eq__(b) d=(a).__eq__(14) print(c) print(d) """ pass def __float__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ float(self) """ """转换成floa型，将一个整数转换成浮点型""" """ x.__float__() <==> float(x) """ """ a=100 b=(a).__float__() print(b) """ pass def __floordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self//value. """ """整除，保留结果的整数部分""" """a//b""" """ a=100 b=a.__floordiv__(27) c=a//27 print(b) print(c) """ pass def __floor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Flooring an Integral returns itself. """ """返回本身""" """ a=100 b=a.__floor__() print(b) """ pass def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """转换对象的类型""" """ a=100 b=a.__format__('f') c=a.__format__("0x") d=a.__format__("b") print(b) print(c) print(d) """ pass def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return getattr(self, name). """ """""" pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self>=value. """ pass def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self>value. """ pass def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return hash(self). """ pass def __index__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self converted to an integer, if self is suitable for use as an index into a list. """ pass def __init__(self, x, base=10): # known special case of int.__init__ """ int([x]) -> integer int(x, base=10) -> integer Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments are given. If x is a number, return x.__int__(). For floating point numbers, this truncates towards zero. If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string, bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the given base. The literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace. The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36. Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal. >>> int('0b100', base=0) 4 # (copied from class doc) """ pass def __int__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ int(self) """ pass def __invert__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ ~self """ pass def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self<=value. """ pass def __lshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self<<value. """ pass def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self<value. """ pass def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self%value. """ pass def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self*value. """ pass def __neg__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ -self """ pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """ pass def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self!=value. """ pass def __or__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self|value. """ pass def __pos__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ +self """ pass def __pow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return pow(self, value, mod). """ pass def __radd__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return value+self. """ pass def __rand__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return value&self. """ pass def __rdivmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return divmod(value, self). """ pass def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return repr(self). """ pass def __rfloordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return value//self. """ pass def __rlshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return value<<self. """ pass def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return value%self. """ pass def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return value*self. """ pass def __ror__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return value|self. """ pass def __round__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Rounding an Integral returns itself. Rounding with an ndigits argument also returns an integer. """ pass def __rpow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return pow(value, self, mod). """ pass def __rrshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return value>>self. """ pass def __rshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self>>value. """ pass def __rsub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return value-self. """ pass def __rtruediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return value/self. """ pass def __rxor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return value^self. """ pass def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Returns size in memory, in bytes. """ pass def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return str(self). """ pass def __sub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self-value. """ pass def __truediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self/value. """ pass def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Truncating an Integral returns itself. """ pass def __xor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self^value. """ pass denominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default """the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms""" imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default """the imaginary part of a complex number""" numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default """the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms""" real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default """the real part of a complex number""" |
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作者：goodbody
链接：https://www.pythonheidong.com/blog/article/197120/ca2aa702b319045b21e4/
来源：python黑洞网
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