一顿骚操作：

scrapy startproject douban

cd douban

scrapy genspider douban_movie -t basic douban.com

生成项目文件：

爬取前250的相关数据， 打开相关url https://movie.douban.com/top250可以看到排行前25的数据。通过点击下一步，继续发现url发生了变化https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=25&filter=， 我们可以去掉&filter=，保留https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=25， 发现是可以对网站进行访问并得到相关数据，并且发现豆瓣电影每一页展示25条电影信息，我们可以通过25的倍数去访问相关的页数。

通过观察，进行修改相关的文件

douban_movie.py：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from scrapy.http import Request
from douban.items import DoubanItem
 
class DoubanMovieSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'douban_movie'
    allowed_domains = []
    def start_requests(self):
        for i in range(0,11):
            num = i*25
            print(num)
            url = "https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=%s"% num
            yield Request(url, callback=self.parse)
 
    def parse(self, response):
        doubans = DoubanItem()
        names = response.xpath("//div[@class='pic']/a/img/@alt").extract()
        scores = response.xpath("//div[@class='star']/span[@class='rating_num']/text()").extract()
        quotes = response.xpath("//p[@class='quote']/span[@class='inq']/text()").extract()
 
        doubans['movie_name'] = names
        doubans['movie_score'] = scores
        doubans['movie_quote'] = quotes
        yield doubans
 

将获取豆瓣的排行250数据的电影名称和评分和相关简介进行爬取，并保持在douban.txt文件中

items.py 

import scrapy
 
 
class DoubanItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    movie_name = scrapy.Field()
    movie_score = scrapy.Field()
    movie_quote = scrapy.Field()

pipelines.py

class DoubanPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        for i in range(0, len(item['movie_name'])):
            with open('douban.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as w:
                w.write(item['movie_name'][i] + '  评分：' + item['movie_score'][i] + '  介绍：' + item['movie_quote'][i] + '\n')
        return item

最后将settings.py的

ROBOTSTXT_OBEY=False，

ITEM_PIPELIES = {
   'douban.pipelines.DoubanPipeline': 300,
}

 通过scrapy crawl douban_movie 进行爬取动作，得到结果