发布于2019-08-23 15:59 阅读(1278) 评论(0) 点赞(24) 收藏(3)
网站少不了要和数据库打交道,归根到底都是一些增删改查操作,这里做一个简单的用户登录功能来学习一下Flask如何操作MySQL。
用到的一些知识点:Flask-SQLAlchemy、Flask-Login、Flask-WTF、PyMySQL
这里通过一个完整的登录实例来介绍,程序已经成功运行,在未登录时拦截了success.html页面跳转到登录页面,登录成功后才能访问success。
以下是项目的整体结构图:
首先是配置信息,配置了数据库连接等基本的信息,config.py
1 2 3 4 | DEBUG = True SQLALCHEMY_ECHO = False SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'mysql+pymysql://root:1011@localhost/rl_project?charset=utf8' SECRET_KEY = '*\xff\x93\xc8w\x13\x0e@3\xd6\x82\x0f\x84\x18\xe7\xd9\\|\x04e\xb9(\xfd\xc3' |
common/_init_.py
1 2 3 4 5 | # config=utf-8 from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy __all__ = [ 'db' ] db = SQLAlchemy() |
数据库配置类,common/data.py
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 | # config=utf-8 from sqlalchemy import create_engine from sqlalchemy.sql import text from config import SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI, SQLALCHEMY_ECHO def db_query(sql, settings = None , echo = None ): if settings is None : settings = SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI if echo is None : echo = SQLALCHEMY_ECHO return create_engine(settings, echo = echo).connect().execute(text(sql)).fetchall() def db_execute(sql, settings = None , echo = None ): if settings is None : settings = SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI if echo is None : echo = SQLALCHEMY_ECHO return create_engine(settings, echo = echo).connect().execute(text(sql)).rowcount |
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI用于连接数据的数据库。
SQLALCHEMY_ECHO如果设置成 True,SQLAlchemy 将会记录所有 发到标准输出(stderr)的语句,这对调试很有帮助。
当然,我们在setting中设置了基本的连接数据库信息,启动时加载app = create_app('../config.py'),所以这个类删掉也不会报错。
form/login_form.py
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | # config=utf-8 from flask_wtf import FlaskForm as Form from wtforms import StringField, PasswordField from wtforms.validators import DataRequired class LoginForm(Form): accountNumber = StringField( 'accountNumber' , validators = [DataRequired( 'accountNumber is null' )]) password = PasswordField( 'password' , validators = [DataRequired( 'password is null' )]) |
model/_init_.py
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 | # config=utf-8 from flask import Flask from flask_login import LoginManager from common import db login_manager = LoginManager() login_manager.login_view = "user.login" def create_app(config_filename = None ): app = Flask(__name__) login_manager.init_app(app) if config_filename is not None : app.config.from_pyfile(config_filename) configure_database(app) return app def configure_database(app): db.init_app(app) |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 | # config=utf-8 from flask_login import UserMixin from common import db class User(db.Model, UserMixin): user_id = db.Column( 'id' , db.Integer, primary_key = True ) accountNumber = db.Column(db.String( 200 ), unique = True ) password = db.Column(db.String( 50 ), unique = True ) name = db.Column(db.String( 20 ), unique = True ) __tablename__ = 'tb_user' def __init__( self , user_id = None , account_number = None , password = None , name = "anonymous" ): self .user_id = user_id self .accountNumber = account_number self .password = password self .name = name def is_authenticated( self ): return True def is_active( self ): return True def is_anonymous( self ): return False def get_id( self ): return unicode ( self .user_id) def __repr__( self ): return '<User %r>' % ( self .accountNumber) |
这里需要注意:
1 2 | def get_id( self ): return unicode ( self .user_id) |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 | #encoding:utf-8 #!/usr/bin/env python from flask import render_template, request, redirect, Flask, Blueprint from flask_login import login_user, login_required from model.user_model import User from model import login_manager from form.login_form import LoginForm userRoute = Blueprint( 'user' , __name__, url_prefix = '/user' , template_folder = 'templates' , static_folder = 'static' ) @login_manager .user_loader def load_user(user_id): return User.query.get( int (user_id)) @userRoute .before_request def before_request(): pass @userRoute .route( '/success' ) @login_required def index(): return render_template( 'success.html' ) @userRoute .route( '/login' , methods = [ 'GET' , 'POST' ]) def login(): form = LoginForm() if request.method = = 'POST' : if not form.validate_on_submit(): print form.errors return render_template( 'login.html' , form = form) user = User.query. filter (User.accountNumber = = form.accountNumber.data, User.password = = form.password.data).first() if user: login_user(user) return render_template( 'success.html' ) return render_template( 'login.html' , form = form) |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | # config=utf-8 from login import userRoute from model import create_app DEFAULT_MODULES = [userRoute] app = create_app( '../config.py' ) for module in DEFAULT_MODULES: app.register_blueprint(module) @app .before_request def before_request(): pass if __name__ = = '__main__' : app.run(debug = True ) |
DEFAULT_MODULES = [userRoute]是将userRoute蓝图注册入app,才能启动login中的userRoute路由,我们在login.py中使用了蓝图:userRoute = Blueprint('user', __name__, url_prefix='/user', template_folder='templates', static_folder='static')
1 2 3 | @app .before_request def before_request(): pass |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | <! DOCTYPE html> < html lang="cn"> < head > < meta charset="UTF-8"> < title >{% block title %}{% endblock %}</ title > < script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='jquery1.42.min.js') }}"></ script > {% block head %}{% endblock %} </ head > < body > {% block content %}{% endblock %} </ body > </ html > |
登录前台页面,login.html
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 | {% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}python flask user page{% endblock %} {% block head %} < style type="text/css"></ style > {% endblock %} {% block content %} < form action="{{ url_for('user.login') }}" method="post"> {% if form.errors %} < ul > {% for name, errors in form.errors.items() %} {% for error in errors %} < li >{{ error }}</ li > {% endfor %} {% endfor %} </ ul > {% endif %} 账号:{{ form.accountNumber(size=20) }}< label >{{ form.accountNumber.errors[0] }}</ label >< br /> 密码:< input name="password" type="password"/>< br /> {{ form.hidden_tag() }} < button type="submit">登录</ button > </ form > {% endblock %} |
到此,一个Flask实现简单登录功能就做完了。
作者:熊猫烧香
链接:https://www.pythonheidong.com/blog/article/55257/85f17901bfef30333a85/
来源:python黑洞网
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